Portable Document Format (PDF), sometimes mistaken for "Printable Document Format", is an open file format created by Adobe Systems in 1993 and is now being prepared for submission as an ISO standard. It is used for representing two-dimensional documents in a device independent and resolution independent fixed-layout document format. Each PDF file encapsulates a complete description of a 2D document (and, with the advent of Acrobat 3D, embedded 3D documents) that includes the text, fonts, images, and 2D vector graphics that compose the document.
While PDF can describe very simple one page documents, it may also be used for many pages, complex documents that use a variety of fonts, graphics, colors, and images.
Accessibility
PDF files that are accessible to people with disabilities can be created. Current PDF file formats can include tags (essentially XML), text equivalents, captions and audio descriptions, and other accessibility features. Some software, such as Adobe InDesign, can output tagged PDFs automatically. Leading screen readers, including JAWS, Window-Eyes, and Hal, can read tagged PDFs; current versions of the Acrobat and Acrobat Reader programs can also read PDFs out loud. Moreover, tagged PDFs can be reflowed and zoomed for low-vision readers.
Advantages
Electronic documents based on PDF have countless advantages over traditional archiving formats (e.g. paper or microfilm). Improved accessibility alone may substantiate the implementation of an electronic archive. Some advantages of a PDF archive over a TIFF or a paper-based archive are:
PDF stores objects (e.g. text, graphics), allowing for an efficient full-text search in an entire archive. TIFF is a raster format and must first be scanned with an OCR (optical character recognition) engine.
PDF files can require only a fraction of the memory space of original or TIFF files[citation needed], without loss of quality. The smaller file size is especially advantageous for electronic file transfers (FTP, e-mail attachment etc.)
PDF format can be optimized. The optimization can be focused on images (e.g. scanned checks) or extracting structured data (e.g. voucher information). TIFF treats all file information the same.
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